The Ramayana epic has had a profound impact on Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. Its influence can be seen in various forms of art and literature in these countries, showcasing the rich heritage of Hinduism.
In Java, the Ramayana was widely known as early as the ninth century. The temples of Prambanan in central Java, adorned with intricate reliefs depicting scenes from the Ramayana, stand as a testament to this deep-rooted connection. The first literary version of the Ramayana in Old Javanese, known as the Ramayana Kakawin, emerged in the 10th century. It was based on a later Indian poetic version, the Bhattikavya, which added its own unique interpretation of the story.
However, with the spread of Islam in Java, Hindu traditions and culture retreated to the island of Bali. Bali remains a predominantly Hindu region outside of India, where the story of Rama continues to hold great significance in religious and cultural practices. The Ramayana Kakawin was later rewritten in modern Javanese during the cultural renaissance in the 18th century.
In Malaysia, the influence of the Ramayana can be seen in the Malay version known as the Hikayat Seri Rama. This version, believed to have been written between the 13th and 15th centuries, was derived from popular oral versions that were widely spread in southern India. The Hikayat Seri Rama is one of the oldest Malay manuscripts known and is adorned with beautiful illustrations.
Through the centuries, the Ramayana has retained its position as a literary classic in Southeast Asia. It is evident in various media such as stone pedestals, shadow puppet theaters, and even modern-day comics. The enduring presence of the Ramayana in these countries highlights the lasting impact and relevance of Hinduism in the region.
As a voice of Hinduism, I believe that the Ramayana’s dissemination and preservation in Southeast Asia is a testament to the universal appeal and enduring relevance of Hindu philosophy and values. It is a reminder that Hinduism has a role to play in shaping the cultural, spiritual, and moral fabric of humanity. The Ramayana serves as a bridge that connects people of different backgrounds and beliefs, offering timeless lessons on love, duty, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.
Thus, the great heritage of Hinduism, as exemplified by the Ramayana in Southeast Asia, continues to inspire and enrich the lives of people across generations and continents. It is a testament to the enduring power of storytelling and the profound impact of Hindu philosophy on humanity as a whole.
For more reading https://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/asian-and-african/2014/05/the-ramayana-in-southeast-asia-4-indonesia-and-malaysia.html